How We Research

Every fact on this site comes straight from the office, utility or manufacturer that sets it, and links back to it. Here's how we gather it, how we keep it current, and exactly what we recheck each month, quarter and year.

  • Last checked
  • Every fact linked to its official source
  • Independent. How We Research
  • 8,668sourced facts, each saved with its link and the exact wording
  • 2,460official pages cited
  • 240websites, mostly government offices and utilities
  • Monthlyevery source reopened and checked. Latest run: October 2026

Our Rules

  • Straight From the Source

    We get each fact from the office that sets it: the city ordinance, the state statute, the utility tariff, the manufacturer's manual. Not from news stories, other guides or forums.

  • Linked Where It's Used

    The source link sits right next to the fact, so you can check it in one click. If we can't link an official source for a number, the number doesn't go on the page.

  • Dated and Rechecked

    Every guide shows the date we last checked it. Rates and schedules get rechecked on the calendar below, and every guide gets a full review at least once a year.

  • No made-up numbers. We never estimate a price, rate, date or statistic and present it as fact. Where a tool does math (a tax bill, a utility bill), it uses the official rates and shows them.
  • Unclear stays unclear. If the official source is vague, or two offices disagree, we say so instead of guessing.
  • No company picks. Our guides don't recommend specific businesses. Lists such as the Madison Contractor Finder come straight from public records, with no one paying to be on them.

How a Fact Gets Here

  1. Find who sets it. Trash day is set by the City of Madison Streets Division, the gas rate by the utility and the Public Service Commission, the garage door safety rule by federal regulation. That office is the source.
  2. Save the link and the exact wording. Every fact goes into our research files with its URL and the sentence it came from, word for word. That's what lets us check it again later.
  3. Write it plainly, with the link. We rewrite the rule in plain language and put the source link beside it.
  4. Date the page. The guide shows the day we last checked its facts against those sources.
  5. Check it again. Every month, a script reopens every source page and looks for the wording we saved. When the wording changed, someone reads the new version and updates the guide. When an official page disappears, we cite the Internet Archive's saved copy of that same official page until the office puts it back up.

What We Update, and When

Rules and rates change on their own calendars: tax rates in December, income limits in spring, gas prices every month. We check each one when its source publishes the new numbers.

Every Month

WhatWhySourcePages
Every sourced fact on the siteA script reopens each source page and checks that the wording we quoted is still there. Anything that changed, or won't load, gets read and fixed by hand.The source itself—
Natural gas pricesMGE, Alliant and We Energies change the gas cost every month.Each utility's rate page and tariffUtility Costs, Heat Pump vs Gas, True Cost of Owning
Mortgage rate in the cost calculatorsThe default rate is the latest weekly 30-year average.Freddie Mac Primary Mortgage Market SurveyTrue Cost of Owning, Rent or Buy
Guide datesAny guide whose Last checked date is 11 months old gets a full re-check that month.Each guide's own sources—

Every Quarter

WhatWhenSourcePages
Madison contractor listJanuary, April, July, OctoberCity of Madison building permit reportsMadison Contractors
Public housing waitlistsJanuary, April, July, OctoberMadison CDA, Dane County Housing Authority, WHEDAAffordable Housing
Sources that wouldn't loadJanuary, April, July, OctoberRetried live, then through the Internet Archive's newest copy—

Every Year, When the New Numbers Come Out

MonthWhatSourcePages
JanuaryUtility rate steps that take effect January 1Public Service Commission docketsUtility Costs, Why Bills Went Up
Madison special assessment ratesCity of Madison EngineeringSpecial Assessments
Homestead and school property tax credit tablesWisconsin Department of RevenueHomestead Credit
Real estate forms and contractor licensingWisconsin DSPS, Wisconsin statutesBuying Step by Step, Hiring a Contractor
Open Book and Board of Review dates (through April)Each town's assessor or clerkAssessment Appeals
FebruaryTown ordinances and fees we couldn't confirm the year beforeEach town's code and websiteYard and Neighbor Rules
MarchLake Mendota and Monona ice-outWisconsin State Climatology OfficeLake Ice
April to MayHUD income limits for the Madison metroHUD USERAffordable Housing, Repair Help
Down payment assistance programsWHEDA, City of Madison, Dane CountyDown Payment Help
School referendum results (April)Dane County Clerk, Wisconsin DPISchool Referendums
MayMadison sewer and stormwater ratesCity of MadisonMunicipal Services Bill
Madison move-out calendarCity of Madison Streets DivisionThe Madison Rental Year
Short-term rental license feesPublic Health Madison & Dane CountyShort-Term Rentals
JuneSnow season totals and the past year's tornadoesNOAASnowfall History, Weather and Hazards
Landlord and eviction rulesWisconsin statutes, municipal codes, Dane County courtsLandlord Rules, Eviction
JulyWhen Madison's homes were builtCity of Madison assessor parcel dataHome Age Map
AugustLead service line counts by utilityPublic Service CommissionLead Service Lines
OctoberEnergy assistance and home repair programs (new program year)Wisconsin Home Energy Plus, Project Home, VARepair Help, Winter Shutoff Rules
First fall frostNOAA, Madison airport recordsFrost Dates
NovemberMadison trash and recycling fee in the new budgetCity of MadisonMunicipal Services Bill
Madison winter parking rulesCity of MadisonMadison Parking
School referendum results (November)Dane County Clerk, Wisconsin DPISchool Referendums
DecemberProperty tax rates and credits for every townDane County Treasurer, City of Madison, Wisconsin DORTax Rates by Town, Madison Property Tax
Census housing estimates (home age, value, rent)U.S. Census Bureau, American Community SurveyOlder Homes

Whenever It Happens

WhatWhenPages
Utility rate decisionsWhen the Public Service Commission decides a rate case for a utility serving Dane CountyUtility Costs
Lake freeze-overWhen the State Climatology Office declares Lake Mendota frozenLake Ice
Lead paint ruleWhen Wisconsin DHS adopts its revised lead rule (DHS 163)Lead Paint and Asbestos
Anything a reader reportsWhen you tell us something is wrong, we check the source and fix itContact Us

Everything else, such as statutes, building codes and manufacturer instructions, changes rarely. It gets caught by the monthly source check and by each guide's yearly review.

Data We Build

Some pages go further than quoting a rule. We pull public records directly, such as city permit reports, assessor parcel files and NOAA weather records, and turn them into tables and tools you won't find anywhere else. Where we can, you can download the same data.

DataBuilt fromUpdatedDownload
Madison Contractors by PermitCity of Madison building permit reportsQuarterlyCSV
When Madison's Homes Were BuiltCity of Madison assessor parcel dataYearly, JulyCSV
Property Tax Rates by TownDane County Treasurer, Wisconsin DORYearly, DecemberCSV
Utility Costs by TownPublic Service Commission tariffs, each utility's rate pageMonthly (gas), on each rate decisionCSV
Hail ReportsNOAA Storm Events DatabaseWhen NOAA posts new storm data—
Madison Snowfall Since 1884NOAA, Madison airport recordsYearly, JuneCSV
Lake Mendota IceWisconsin State Climatology OfficeEach winter, at freeze-over and ice-outCSV
Frost DatesNOAA, Madison airport recordsYearly, spring and fallCSV
Tornadoes Since 1950NOAA Storm Prediction CenterYearly, JuneCSV
School ReferendumsEach district, Dane County Clerk, Wisconsin DPIEach April and November electionCSV

Where Our Facts Come From

These are the offices and organizations behind the 2,460 pages we cite, with the number of their pages we cite. The count comes from our October 2026 source check.

Federal

State of Wisconsin

Dane County

Cities and Villages

Utilities and Services

Standards Groups and Manufacturers

Plus 135 pages from smaller offices and programs, such as school districts, the Tenant Resource Center, Project Home and individual product makers.

Who's Behind It

Badger Homeowner is independent. We aren't part of any city, county, utility or government office, and no company pays to change what a guide says. More about us.

Found a Mistake?

Tell us and we'll check it against the source and fix it. We read every message.

Report a correction